Knee replacement surgery, also known as knee arthroplasty, is one of the most effective ways to relieve chronic pain and restore mobility for patients suffering from severe knee damage. Whether caused by arthritis or injury, this procedure can significantly enhance the quality of life, allowing you to get back to normal activities pain-free.
However, post-surgery care is just as critical to ensure the longevity of your new knee joint and to prevent injury. This guide will take you through the essential precautions after knee replacement surgery to help you maximise the benefits of the procedure and stay safe during recovery.
Equipment you may require
There are numerous medical equipment you may require after getting surgery, like:
What to Expect After Knee Replacement Surgery
Right after your knee replacement surgery, your body will need time to adjust and heal. Here’s what to expect during the early recovery phase:
Hospital Stay
Most patients stay in the hospital for 3 to 5 days post-surgery. During this time, the doctor will monitor your condition and help manage pain. You’ll likely begin gentle movements of your knee as early as the first day after surgery.
Physical Therapy
Physical therapy is vital to your knee replacement recovery. Your therapist will guide you through a series of exercises designed to strengthen your muscles and improve the range of motion in your new knee joint. These exercises will start gently and gradually increase in intensity.
Early Mobility
Moving your new knee joint early is crucial for preventing stiffness. You’ll use assistive devices like crutches or a walker to help you walk as you build strength in your knee. Remember, full recovery can take up to a year, but most patients regain significant mobility within 3 months.
Getting Your Home Ready Before Surgery
One of the essential precautions after knee replacement is preparing your home for your return. Doing this can help prevent falls and ensure you have easy mobility as you recover.
Key Tips:
- Install grab bars in your bathroom for support.
- Remove loose rugs and any obstacles that could cause tripping.
- Use nonskid mats in your bathroom and kitchen to avoid slipping.
- Consider using a shower chair and an elevated toilet seat to reduce stress on your new knee.
Daily Activities and Movement Precautions
You will need to be extra careful in your daily activities to avoid damaging your new knee. Here are some tips for getting through your everyday routine safely.
Getting Dressed
- Sit while dressing to avoid losing your balance.
- Use assistive devices like reachers or long-handled shoehorns to avoid bending over too much.
- Always dress the operated leg first.
Sitting
- Use firm, high chairs with straight backs to support your knee.
- Avoid sitting in soft sofas or low stools that can be hard to get up from.
- Change positions frequently to prevent stiffness, ideally every 45 minutes.
Bathing and Showering
- Use a shower chair or tub seat to bathe more safely.
- Avoid squatting and bending too much while reaching for items in the shower.
Use a Handheld Showerhead: A handheld showerhead allows you to control the direction of water flow without moving too much, reducing the strain on your knee.
Place Essential Items Within Easy Reach: Keep soap, shampoo, and other toiletries on a low shelf or shower caddy to avoid bending or stretching unnecessarily.
Install Anti-Slip Strips or Mats in the Shower: These will help prevent slipping on wet surfaces, making the shower safer for your recovery.
Keep Water Temperature Moderate: Very hot water can increase swelling in your knee, so it's best to use warm or moderate temperature water to avoid discomfort.
Dry Yourself Thoroughly While Seated: After showering, sit down to dry yourself to avoid any falls or unnecessary stress on your knee while standing.
Using Stairs
- When going up the stairs, lead with the operated leg.
- When going downstairs, use the non-operated leg first and take your time.
- Always use the banister for support.
Install Handrails on Both Sides: If possible, ensure that your stairs have handrails on both sides for better support and stability as you go up and down.
Step-by-Step Method: Always use the "step-by-step" method, placing both feet on each step before advancing to the next one to avoid straining the knee.
Wear Proper Footwear: Ensure you're wearing non-slip, supportive shoes when using the stairs to reduce the risk of slipping.
Avoid Carrying Heavy Items: Do not carry heavy or large items while using the stairs, as this could throw off your balance and cause a fall.
Consider a Stairlift: For long-term use or if you have multiple floors, consider installing a stairlift to avoid repetitive strain on your new knee joint.
Post-Surgery Exercises for Strength and Mobility
Physical therapy exercises are essential for not only improving the strength of your new knee but also ensuring proper mobility and reducing stiffness. Performing these exercises regularly will help prevent complications like blood clots, enhance muscle control, and increase your range of motion. It’s important to follow your physical therapist’s guidance and stay consistent with your exercise routine to promote a smoother recovery.
Here are a few simple yet effective exercises you can perform at home:
1. Ankle Pumps
Ankle pumps are a great way to improve circulation in your legs and help prevent blood clots, especially in the early stages of recovery. This simple exercise also reduces swelling in the leg and promotes healing.
How to perform:
Lie down or sit in a comfortable position with your leg extended.
Slowly move your foot up and down, pointing your toes toward the ceiling and then back toward the floor.
Repeat this motion 10-20 times for each foot, and perform the exercise multiple times a day.
Tip: You can do this exercise while lying in bed or sitting in a chair. Make it part of your daily routine, especially during the first few days post-surgery.
2. Quadriceps Sets
Quadriceps sets focus on strengthening the muscles at the front of your thigh, which play a key role in controlling your knee joint. Strengthening these muscles early on will support your new knee and aid in walking without assistive devices over time.
How to perform:
Sit or lie down with your legs straight in front of you.
Tighten the muscles on the top of your thigh (quadriceps) by pressing the back of your knee down toward the floor or bed.
Hold the contraction for 5-10 seconds, then release.
Repeat 10-15 times for each leg, doing 2-3 sets per day.
Tip: Ensure that your entire thigh stays on the floor or bed while you tighten the quadriceps. This exercise can be done frequently, even while watching TV or lying in bed.
3. Assisted Knee Bending
Improving the range of motion in your knee is crucial after surgery. Assisted knee bending exercises help gently increase flexibility and promote mobility without overstraining the new joint. With the help of a caregiver or a strap, you can safely bend your knee as it heals.
How to perform:
Sit at the edge of your bed or chair with your legs hanging off.
Use a towel, belt, or strap to gently pull your leg toward your body, bending the knee as much as you comfortably can.
Hold the bent position for 5-10 seconds, then slowly release and straighten the knee.
Repeat this exercise 10-15 times on each leg.
Tip: Start gently and increase the range of motion gradually as your knee becomes more flexible. Avoid forcing the knee to bend beyond your comfort level, especially in the early stages.
4. Heel Slides
Heel slides are another excellent exercise to help you regain mobility and flexibility in your new knee. This exercise encourages smooth movement without placing too much strain on the joint.
How to perform:
Lie on your back with your legs straight.
Slowly slide the heel of your operated leg towards your buttocks, bending the knee as much as possible.
Hold the position for a few seconds, then slide the heel back to the starting position.
Repeat this movement 10-15 times.
Tip: You can use a strap or towel looped around your foot for assistance. This exercise is great for improving knee bending and is recommended as soon as you’re comfortable moving your knee.
5. Straight Leg Raises
This exercise helps strengthen the muscles around your knee without putting too much weight on the joint. It’s ideal for building strength in the early stages of recovery when weight-bearing exercises may still be limited.
How to perform:
Lie on your back with one leg bent and the other leg straight.
Tighten your thigh muscles and slowly lift your straight leg off the ground about 12 inches.
Hold the position for 5 seconds, then slowly lower the leg back down.
Repeat 10-15 times on each leg, doing 2-3 sets per day.
Tip: Keep your leg straight throughout the movement and avoid bending the knee. If you feel any discomfort, lower your leg and try again at a slower pace.
Walking plays a pivotal role in your knee replacement recovery, helping to build strength and regain mobility. However, it’s essential to approach walking cautiously, especially in the early stages after surgery. Your knee will still be healing, and the risk of injury can be higher if you overexert yourself or walk without proper support.
Using Assistive Devices
Immediately after surgery, you’ll likely need to rely on assistive devices like crutches or a walker to help you walk safely. These tools will provide the necessary support for your new knee joint as it heals and gains strength. As you progress in your recovery, your physical therapist will assess your mobility and strength, gradually helping you transition to using a cane or, eventually, walking without support.
Key Steps for Safe Walking with Assistive Devices:
Using a Walker or Crutches:
Start with a walker or crutches immediately after surgery. Keep the device close to your body, ensuring it supports your weight as you walk.
Always step with your operated leg first, allowing the walker or crutches to bear most of your weight.
Maintain a slow and steady pace, focusing on each step to avoid strain on your knee.
Transitioning to a Cane:
Once your physical therapist determines you’re ready, you can start using a cane.
Hold the cane on the opposite side of your operated leg for better balance.
As you walk, step forward with your cane and the operated leg simultaneously, allowing the cane to absorb some of the weight and pressure.
Continue using the cane until you are confident and stable enough to walk without assistance.
Benefits of Walking Post-Surgery
Improves Circulation: Walking helps promote healthy blood circulation, reducing the risk of blood clots in your legs.
Prevents Stiffness: Regular walking can prevent stiffness in your new knee joint and improve its range of motion.
Builds Strength: Over time, walking strengthens the muscles around your knee, which helps support your new joint and improve balance.
Tips for Safe Walking
Here are some practical tips to ensure safe walking during your recovery:
Always Wear Non-Skid Shoes:
Choose non-skid shoes with good grip to prevent slipping. Avoid wearing slippers, flip-flops, or shoes with smooth soles that could lead to a fall.
Avoid Wet or Uneven Surfaces:
Wet or uneven surfaces can be hazardous, increasing the risk of slipping or losing balance. Stick to smooth, dry floors, and avoid walking on gravel, grass, or steep inclines until your balance improves.
Take Short Walks Indoors:
In the initial weeks, limit your walking to short trips indoors where the environment is controlled and free of obstacles. Gradually increase the duration and distance as your strength builds.
Use Handrails for Extra Support:
When walking near stairs or in areas with handrails, always use them for additional support. This will give you extra stability, especially when transitioning from one surface to another, like stepping up or down a curb.
Pace Yourself:
Don’t rush your recovery. Walking too fast or pushing yourself to walk further than recommended can strain your new knee. Focus on maintaining a steady, comfortable pace, and increase your walking distance gradually based on your physical therapist’s advice.
Stay Hydrated:
Walking is a form of exercise, so make sure you stay hydrated, especially if you’re walking for extended periods or outdoors.
By following these guidelines and using your assistive devices correctly, you’ll be able to walk safely and confidently throughout your knee replacement recovery. Remember, your goal is to rebuild strength and mobility over time—so patience is key. Always consult your physical therapist before making any significant changes to your walking routine or assistive devices.
Driving and Car Safety After Knee Replacement
Driving can resume once your surgeon gives the go-ahead, usually 4 to 6 weeks after surgery. Here are some tips for safe driving post-surgery:
- Use pillows to elevate your seat, ensuring your knee is comfortable.
- Ensure the car seat is at a comfortable height to avoid unnecessary bending of your knee when getting in or out.
Long-Term Precautions for Your New Knee
Your knee replacement surgery has given you the opportunity to live pain-free and return to many of your normal activities. However, to ensure the longevity of your new knee joint and prevent damage, there are certain precautions and lifestyle adjustments that you should continue to follow, even long after your recovery period.
Taking care of your new knee means being mindful of activities that could put excessive pressure or strain on the joint. While your knee replacement is designed to last for many years, how you treat it will play a significant role in its durability and function over time.
Activities to Avoid
Some activities can stress or damage your new knee joint. To avoid complications or premature wear on the prosthetic, stay away from high-impact and strenuous movements.
High-Impact Sports: Avoid sports that involve running, jumping, or rapid changes in direction. Sports such as skiing, basketball, soccer, and tennis are high-impact and can put unnecessary strain on your knee, potentially leading to injury or loosening of the joint. The repetitive pounding on hard surfaces can cause wear on the artificial joint over time.
Running or Jogging: Running is one of the most demanding activities on your joints, especially on an artificial knee. The impact from each stride can lead to premature wear and could shorten the lifespan of your knee implant. Opt for walking or brisk walking as a safe alternative.
Heavy Lifting: Lifting heavy weights or performing intense weightlifting exercises can put immense pressure on your knee joint. This includes both work-related tasks and gym-based activities. Avoid lifting objects over 20-25 pounds, especially without proper form and support.
Twisting Motions: Activities that involve sudden twisting motions, such as playing golf, can also strain the knee. Be cautious with any activity that requires rapid rotation or pivoting of your knee, as this can lead to injury or dislocation of the joint.
Squatting or Kneeling: Avoid deep squatting, kneeling, or any movement that requires putting excessive pressure on your knee. These movements can strain the joint and could cause discomfort or instability in the long term.
Engage in Safe, Low-Impact Activities
While some activities are off-limits, many low-impact exercises can help you stay active without causing harm to your new knee. Regular physical activity will keep your knee strong, flexible, and functional.
Walking: Walking is one of the best ways to keep your knee healthy and active. It’s low-impact and can be gradually increased in duration and intensity as your strength improves. Walking helps maintain mobility in the joint without placing too much stress on it.
Swimming: Swimming and water aerobics are highly recommended for people with knee replacements. The buoyancy of the water reduces pressure on your joints while allowing you to strengthen your muscles and improve your range of motion. Swimming is particularly beneficial because it exercises your entire body without high-impact stress.
Cycling: Cycling, especially on a stationary bike, is a safe and effective way to enhance the strength of your leg muscles without risking knee injury. It’s a great cardiovascular exercise that keeps your joint moving smoothly, improving its overall function.
Yoga and Stretching: Gentle stretching exercises, including yoga, can improve flexibility and keep your knee from becoming stiff. Focus on low-impact, non-weight-bearing yoga poses and avoid any that require deep knee bends or forceful movements.
Elliptical Machines: Using an elliptical machine provides a cardiovascular workout similar to walking or running but without the harsh impact on your knees. The gliding motion of the elliptical reduces strain and allows for a fluid range of motion, making it a good option for low-impact exercise.
By sticking to low-impact exercises and avoiding high-risk activities, you will help protect your new knee joint and extend its life, allowing you to stay active and enjoy your daily activities for years to come.
Ongoing Joint Care and Monitoring
It’s important to note that the success of your knee replacement is not only determined by what you do in the first few months but also by how you care for it in the long term. Make sure to follow these additional precautions:
Weight Management: Maintaining a healthy weight is crucial for reducing stress on your knee joint. Excess body weight can increase the strain on your knee and increase the risk of joint damage over time. Keeping your weight in check will help ensure your knee implant lasts longer.
Regular Check-Ups: Schedule regular follow-up appointments with your surgeon or orthopaedic specialist to monitor the condition of your knee joint. These check-ups can help identify any issues early and ensure that your knee replacement is functioning properly.
Physical Therapy: Even after full recovery, continuing with gentle physical therapy exercises can help maintain strength and flexibility in the knee. Speak to your physical therapist for a long-term exercise plan that fits your lifestyle and fitness goals.
Listen to Your Body: If you experience pain, swelling, or instability in your knee at any time, stop what you’re doing and consult your healthcare provider. Ignoring discomfort or pushing through pain can result in injury or complications.
By following these long-term precautions, you will not only protect your new knee joint from unnecessary stress but also ensure that it continues to serve you well for many years to come. Your diligence in caring for your knee today will determine its health and performance in the future.
Conclusion
Following these precautions after knee replacement surgery will help ensure the success of your surgery and the longevity of your new knee joint. Remember to keep up with your physical therapy exercises, use assistive devices properly, and take precautions with your daily activities to avoid injury. With patience and dedication, your new knee will serve you well for years to come.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q1. What are the key precautions to take immediately after knee replacement surgery?
After knee replacement surgery, it’s essential to follow your doctor’s instructions closely. Avoid putting too much weight on the operated knee and use assistive devices like crutches or walkers as recommended. Keep the surgical site clean and dry, and avoid bending the knee excessively during the initial recovery period.
Q2. How long should I avoid strenuous activities after knee replacement surgery?
Strenuous activities, such as heavy lifting or high-impact sports, should be avoided for at least 6-12 weeks post-surgery. Your doctor will guide you based on your healing progress, but low-impact activities like walking and cycling can generally be resumed gradually after the initial recovery phase.
Q3. Can I kneel or squat after knee replacement surgery?
It’s advisable to avoid kneeling or squatting for at least a few months after surgery, as these positions can strain the new joint. Some patients may be able to perform these movements later in recovery, but always consult your doctor before attempting them.
Q4. When can I drive after knee replacement surgery?
You can usually resume driving about 4-6 weeks after surgery, but this depends on whether you can comfortably bend your knee and react quickly enough. Your doctor will assess your mobility and advise when it’s safe to drive again.
Q5. What are the signs of complications I should watch for during recovery?
Signs of complications include excessive swelling, redness, warmth, or drainage at the surgical site, as well as fever or persistent pain. If you experience these symptoms, contact your doctor immediately, as they may indicate an infection or other post-surgical issues.
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